- Branża: Earth science
- Number of terms: 93452
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Founded in 1941, the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) is an international association representing the interests of professionals in surveying, mapping and communicating spatial data relating to the Earth's surface. Today, ACSM's members include more than 7,000 surveyors, ...
An interest or right in real property which diminishes the value of the fee but does not prevent conveyance of the fee by its owner. Mortgages, taxes due and judgments are encumbrances known as liens. Restrictions, easements and reservations are encumbrances, though not liens.
Industry:Earth science
A desirable property of estimators; an efficient estimator is the unbiased estimator with the smallest variance among unbiased estimators of the same parameter.
Industry:Earth science
(1) That condition, of a system, in which no change occurs in the system's state as long as the system's surroundings are not altered. The definition is imprecise insofar as the concept of state is imprecise. e.g., a system may be in equilibrium under one definition of state and not in equilibrium under another definition. (2) The condition in which a particle, or the constituent particles of a body, are at rest or in unaccelerated motion, with respect to an inertial reference frame. Some physicists deny the validity of definitions which rely on the concept of elemental particles in describing characteristics of solids or liquids. The above definition can, however, be re worded so as to apply to continuous matter without introducing elemental particles. Balance is an acceptable synonym for equilibrium in both senses.
Industry:Earth science
The specific value of one of the coordinates used to specify a location.
Industry:Earth science
The angle, at a point, between the horizontal plane through that point and a line from the point to a designated object or in a designated direction. It is also called altitude, angular altitude, ascending vertical angle, angle of elevation and elevation. It is the complement of zenith distance. It is positive if taken upward and negative if taken downward from the horizontal.
Industry:Earth science
That line, on the surface of the Earth, on which the astronomic latitude at every point is 0<sup>o</sup>. Also termed the terrestrial equator and frequently written the Equator. Because of the deflection of the vertical, the astronomic equator is not a plane curve. However, the verticals at all points on it are parallel to one and the same plane, the plane of the celestial equator. That is, the zenith at every point on the astronomic equator lies in the celestial equator.
Industry:Earth science
The length of a pile from the surface of the ground, or from a cutoff below the ground, to the point of the pile.
Industry:Earth science
The study of the mutual relationships between organisms and their environments.
Industry:Earth science
An ellipsoid representing the Earth, having its center at the Earth's center of mass, and having its minor axis coincident with the Earth's axis of rotation.
Industry:Earth science
(1) An ellipsoid which is at a specified, constant gravity potential and which envelopes but rotates with the Earth. (2) An ellipsoid on which gravity is given by a standard gravity formula and which belongs to a normal Earth in the sense of Molodenski. (3) An ellipsoidal body having a given mass, a given rate of rotation, and given dimensions, and subject to the condition that the gravity potential at its surface be a constant.
Industry:Earth science
