- Branża: Agriculture
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Established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity, FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and ...
Short interspersed nuclear elements. Families of short (150 to 300 bp), moderately repetitive elements of eukaryotes, occurring about 100,000 times in a genome. SINES appear to be DNA copies of certain tRNA molecules, created presumably by the unintended action of reverse transcriptase during retroviral infection.
Industry:Biotechnology
Short RNA transcripts of 100-300 bp that associate with proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) (q.v.); most snRNAs are components of the spliceosomes (q.v.) that excise introns from pre-mRNAs in RNA processing.
Industry:Biotechnology
Similar to Southern blotting, except that RNA is transferred onto a matrix and the presence of a specific RNA molecule is detected by DNA-RNA hybridization.
Industry:Biotechnology
Simply any plant growing where it is not wanted. In agriculture, used for a plant which has good colonizing capability in a disturbed environment, and can usually compete with a cultivated species therein. Weeds are typically considered as unwanted, economically useless or pest species.
Industry:Biotechnology
Since DNA can be replicated in only one direction, i.e., nucleotides can be added only at the 3´ end, only one of the two strands of a double helix can be replicated continuously. The other strand is replicated in small segments (Okazaki fragments) that are subsequently joined together by DNA ligase.
Industry:Biotechnology
Single-celled plants, such as <i>Chlorella</i> spp. and <i>Spirulina</i> spp., are grown commercially in ponds to make feed materials. Chlorella is grown commercially to make into fish food: it is fed to zooplankton, and these in turn are harvested as feed for fish farms. This is a means of converting sunlight into food in a way more convenient and controllable than normal farming.
Industry:Biotechnology
Single-stranded DNA region consisting of one or more nucleotides at the end of a strand of duplex DNA. a.k.a. protruding end; sticky end; overhang; cohesive end.
Industry:Biotechnology
Single-stranded DNA regions in RNA-DNA hybrids formed <i>in vitro</i> under conditions where RNA-DNA duplexes are more stable than DNA-DNA duplexes.
Industry:Biotechnology
Slang: to make a double-stranded break in DNA, usually with a type II restriction endonuclease. E.g., "The DNA was cut with <i>Eco</i>RI and run out on a 1% agarose gel." <i>cf</i> nick; cleave.
Industry:Biotechnology
