- Branża: Agriculture
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Established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity, FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and ...
The purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine and uracil) that form DNA and RNA molecules.
Industry:Biotechnology
The random distribution of alleles (from different loci) to the gametes that occurs when genes are located in different chromosomes or far apart on large chromosomes. The distribution of alleles at one locus is independent of other the distribution of alleles at another locus. <i>cf</i> linkage.
Industry:Biotechnology
The range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
Industry:Biotechnology
The rapid formation of new species, primarily by genetic drift (q.v.).
Industry:Biotechnology
The rapid immune response that occurs during the second (and subsequent) encounters of the immune system of a mammal with a specific antigen. <i>cf p</i>rimary immune response.
Industry:Biotechnology
The rate at which gases are transferred from gas into solution. It is an important parameter in fermentation systems because it controls the rate at which the organism can metabolize. Gas transfer can be done by several methods, including use of small gas bubbles, that diffuse faster than larger ones, thanks to their larger surface area per unit of volume; or spreading the liquid out, for example in a thin sheet, or in a thin permeable tube, as in hollow fibre bioreactor.
Industry:Biotechnology
The ratio of the observed frequency of double crossings-over to the expected frequency, where the expected frequency is calculated by assuming that the two crossing-over events occur independently of each other.
Industry:Biotechnology
The re-association of two nucleic acid strands after denaturation. The restoration of a molecule to its native form. In nucleic acid biochemistry, this term usually refers to the formation of a double-stranded helix from complementary single-stranded molecules. Some simple proteins can also be re-natured and regain their function.
Industry:Biotechnology
The recombination process which inserts a small DNA molecule (usually by homologous recombination) into a larger one. If the molecules are circular, integration involves only a single crossing-over; if linear, then two crossings-over are required. A well known example is the integration of phage λ (lambda) DNA into the <i>E. coli</i> genome.
Industry:Biotechnology
The region at the base of the stem of cereals and forage species from which tillers or branches arise. In woody plants, the root-stem junction. In forestry, the top portions of the tree.
Industry:Biotechnology
