- Branża: Agriculture
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Established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity, FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and ...
Unnatural purine or pyrimidine bases that differ slightly in structure from the normal bases, but can be incorporated into nucleic acids. They are often mutagenic.
Industry:Biotechnology
Used industrially as a solvent and as a raw material for synthetic resin.
Industry:Biotechnology
Used industrially as a solvent and as a raw material for synthetic resin.
Industry:Biotechnology
Used to describe the occasional purplish-black coloration of media due to phenolic products given off by (usually fresh) transfers.
Industry:Biotechnology
Vaccines consisting of live viruses rather than dead ones or separated parts of viruses. However, as the virus itself cannot be used, because that would simply give the patient the disease, the virus is genetically engineered so that it elicits the immune response to the viral pathogen without causing the disease itself.
Two genetic engineering methods can be used. The first is to make the disease virus harmless, but still able to replicate in cultured animal cells. This is similar to producing an `attenuated' virus, i.e., one which has been grown in the laboratory until it loses its ability to cause disease. However, the genetic engineering route seeks to make sure that the attenuated virus has no chance of mutating back to a wild type, pathogenic virus, by deleting whole genes or replacing key regions of genes with completely different genetic material.
The second approach is to clone the gene for a protein from the pathogenic virus into another, harmless virus, so that the result `looks' like the pathogenic virus but does not cause disease.
Industry:Biotechnology
Vacuum is created through use of a vacuum pump or aspirator pump, to facilitate specific biological preparations, such as inclusions or disinfection of material for <i>in vitro</i> culture, etc.
Industry:Biotechnology
Variant of DNA gel electrophoresis, which separates macromolecules on the basis of their iso-electric point rather than their size.
Industry:Biotechnology
Variation in the phenotype caused by different alleles of the same gene and/or by the action of other genes and/or by the action of non-genetic factors. <i>cf</i> expressivity.
Industry:Biotechnology
