- Branża: Printing & publishing
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Routledge is a global publisher of academic books, journals and online resources in the humanities and social sciences.
(born 1940) The winner of more professional major championships (eighteen) than any other player in the history of golf, the “Golden Bear” is considered by many to be the greatest golfer of all time. Twice the winner of the US Amateur Championship before he left his home state of Ohio to turn professional, Nicklaus enjoyed enormous success during the 1960s and 1970s, during a time when his prominence and that of fellow golfer Arnold Palmer inspired a rise in the popularity of golf as a spectator sport. Possessed of the twin abilities to drive for show and putt for dough, Nicklaus is perhaps most famous for his astounding record of six victories at the fabled Masters tournament over a twenty-three-year span.
Industry:Culture
(1940 – 1973) Birth name Lee Yuen Kam. Growing up in Hong Kong, Lee returned in 1959 to his birthplace, San Francisco’s Chinatown, and established the Jun Fan Kung-Fu Institute, teaching martial arts to people of any race (most Asian Martial Arts schools generally taught people of their own nationality or race). Lee then began to develop Jeet Kune Do, a syncretic art that includes techniques from all types of fighting—boxing, Thai kick-boxing, Japanese karate, etc.
After playing the part of Kato in The Green Hornet (ABC, 1966–7), Batman and a Lone Ranger clone, Lee was enticed to make several movies in Hong Kong that became extremely popular in the United States. Lee died just prior to the release of Enter the Dragon (1973), which cemented his reputation and mystique.
Industry:Culture
(1940 – 1996) Russian-born Jewish poet who left the USSR in 1972 for exile after a life of protest and persecution. He became a US citizen in 1977 where he taught at Mount Holyoke College and also received a MacArthur Award. A bilingual writer, he published both poetry and essays. After winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1987, he also became American poet laureate from 1991 to 1992
Industry:Culture
(born 1940); d.1993 Social satirist, culture critic, cynic, parodic transgressor, musical innovator, prepostmodern American composer, monster guitarist and rock ’n’ roller. With the debut of “Freak Out” (1966), Frank Zappa and his Mothers of Invention took on American popular culture with a repugnance and a taste for the bizarre. His work captured the absurdities of flower power, plastic people, rock ’n’roll (“Does this Kind of Life Look Interesting to You?”), sexual desire, body envies (“Penis Dimensions”) and youth culture, but also cynically critiqued the commodification of life in general. Early in his career he asked his audience to drop out of high school in favor of a library education. He proposed that ugly was beautiful, and that his music had no commercial potential. Some of his finest moments came in September 1985 when he appeared before the Senate Committee on Contents of Music and the Lyrics of Records. He wrote, recorded and performed doowop songs, rock anthems, jazz interludes and orchestral scores, and made films and videos, bucking the music business all along the way.
Industry:Culture
(born 1941) Born in Greenville, South Carolina, Jackson became a member of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s inner-circle of advisers just prior to the latter’s assassination in 1968. Taking on the mantle of the Civil Rights movement and shifting it towards the economic and urban issues King had begun to embrace, he became executive director of Operation Breadbasket (1996–71), and then founder and national president of People United to Save Humanity (PUSH) from 1971–83. Popularizing the phrase “rainbow coalition” to describe his multi-ethnic and racial supporters, he ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984, and then more successfully against Michael Dukakis in 1988, gaining significant influence at the Democratic Convention. During the Clinton presidency he was a key supporter of the administration during the impeachment crisis, was involved in diplomatic missions and has been one of the District of Columbia’s elected but non-voting “shadow” senators.
Industry:Culture
(born 1941) Doyenne of style for 1990s baby boomers. Stewart, a former caterer, offers multimedia guides to elegant home life—planting, ornamenting, arranging, colorcoordinating and adding extra touches that show leisure time as well as taste. Her magazine, Martha Stewart Living, soared from 250,000 subscribers to over 5 million by mid-decade; her television specials delineate propriety for holidays, while syndicated features appear daily. Moreover, Stewart integrated sales with major corporations like the discount department store K-Mart and the media conglomerate Time Warner. Her presence has been parodied in television (and by Stewart herself in an American Express commercial), but her advice and sales appeal to middle-class affluence and insecurity.
Industry:Culture
(born 1941) Enduring, popular songwriter/performer since the early 1960s. Simon combined with Queens, New York schoolmate, Art Garfunkel, as Simon and Garfunkel, gaining recognition with the 1965 hit “The Sound of Silence.” The duo’s songs struck a chord with alienated adolescents from middle-class suburbs, an association intensified by their soundtrack for The Graduate (1967). Yet after even greater success with “Bridge Over Troubled Water” (1970), the two singers separated. Simon continued briefly as a successful solo performer with “There goes Rhymin’ Simon” (1973) and “Still Crazy after all these Years” (1975). Later, South African influences revitalized his career in “Graceland” (1986), for which he won his second Grammy. Initially criticized for breaking the boycott of South Africa, after the end of Apartheid, Simon came to be hailed as one of the founders of “World Music.”
Industry:Culture
(born 1941) Folksinger and activist whose crystalline voice has rung out against abuses of power and on behalf of social equality worldwide. Baez mingled song and protest from the 1950s onwards, becoming a visible and vocal presence in the Civil Rights movement and anti-Vietnam campaigns. In 1979 she founded Humanitas Human Rights International, which she headed for thirteen years while maintaining an active concert and recording schedule and continuing to participate in protests. Her renditions of “We Shall Overcome” at the March on Washington and other songs have become anthems for a generation. Her memoirs include And a Voice to Sing With (1987)
Industry:Culture
(born 1941) Novelist educated at the University of Pennsylvania; in 1963, only the second African American to receive a Rhodes Scholarship. Wideman returned to the Ivy League university to teach English and to write. His first novel, A Glance Away (1967), was followed by a succession of fictional works leading to Sent for You Yesterday (1983), which won the PEN/Faulkner Award of 1984. Wideman’s next work, the non-fictional Brothers and Keepers (1984), focused on the divergent paths he and his brother, who was imprisoned for armed robbery had taken. Subsequent novels have blended fiction and historical events: Fever (1989) described yellow fever in eighteenth-century Philadelphia, while Philadelphia Fire (1990) touched on the aftermath of the 1984 police bombing of the MOVE cult in West Philadelphia.
Industry:Culture
(born 1941) Singer/songwriter, née Robert Zimmerman. Arguably the most influential individual in the development of modern rock and folk music. Although his music sold modestly and received limited radio time, Dylan’s blending of folk/ protest traditions with his own poetic, mystical, sometimes hallucinogenic style influenced virtually all later rock music.
“The Times They Are A-Changin” (1964) is a classic of the 1960s counterculture. Other acclaimed work includes the “Highway 61 Revisited” (1965) and “Blonde on Blonde” (1966) albums. He has also produced albums like “Nashville Skyline” (1969), which exhibits influence from country music, and “Slow Train Coming” (1979), which shows his religious interest.
Industry:Culture
