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In genetics, the expectation that genetic material and the information gained from testing that material will not be available without the donor's consent..
Industry:Biology
The synthesis of an RNA copy from a sequence of DNA (a gene); the first step in gene expression.
See also: translation.
Industry:Biology
A nitrogen-containing molecule having the chemical properties of a base. DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
See also: DNA.
Industry:Biology
A laboratory process used on isolated molecules or microbes to cause mutations and identify subsequent adaptations to novel environments..
Industry:Biology
A protein that binds to regulatory regions and helps control gene expression..
Industry:Biology
Alteration of DNA at a specific site and its reinsertion into an organism to study any effects of the change..
Industry:Biology
A laboratory procedure in which a cell's nucleus is removed and placed into an oocyte with its own nucleus removed so the genetic information from the donor nucleus controls the resulting cell. Such cells can be induced to form embryos. This process was used to create the cloned sheep "Dolly".
See also: cloning.
Industry:Biology
A process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into its genome..
Industry:Biology
A discrete portion of a protein with its own function. The combination of domains in a single protein determines its overall function..
Industry:Biology
A subunit of DNA or RNA consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA). Thousands of nucleotides are linked to form a DNA or RNA molecule.
See also: DNA, base pair, RNA.
Industry:Biology
