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A complaint by a domestic producer that imports are being dumped, and the resulting investigation and, if dumping and injury are found, anti-dumping duty.
Industry:Economy
A tax on the profits of corporations. Differences in corporate tax rates across countries can be a cause of foreign direct investment as well as transfer pricing.
Industry:Economy
A measure of the extent to which two economic or statistical variables move together, normalized so that its values range from -1 to +1. It is defined as the covariance of the two variables divided by the square root of the product of their variances. The correlation is used in trade theory to express weak relationships among economic variables.
Industry:Economy
A theoretical property of models with arbitrary numbers of goods or other variables that takes the form of a correlation among variables rather than a strict prediction for each one. Thus represents a weaker average relationship among the variables. Used for comparative advantage and other properties of trade models in higher dimensions.
Industry:Economy
A function relating the minimized total cost in a firm or industry to output and factor prices.
Industry:Economy
A partnership agreement between the EU and the ACP Countries signed in June 2000 in Cotonou, Benin, replacing the Lomé Convention. Its main objective is poverty reduction, "to be achieved through political dialogue, development aid and closer economic and trade cooperation. "
Industry:Economy
A tariff levied against imports that are subsidized by the exporting country's government, designed to offset (countervail) the effect of the subsidy.
Industry:Economy
A measure of the extent to which two economic or statistical variables move up and down together. For two variables ''x'' and ''y'' with values ''x<sub>i</sub>'', ''y<sub>i</sub>'', ''i=''1,…,''n'', the covariance is cov(''x'',''y'') = ''<sub>i''=1…''n</sub>''(''x<sub>i</sub>''-m(''x''))(''y<sub>i</sub>''-m(''y'')), where m(•) is the mean of the values in its argument.
Industry:Economy
A measure of the presence of nontariff barriers, defined as the value of imports subject to one or a group of NTBs, divided by the total value of imports. Contrasts with frequency ratio and tariff equivalent.
Industry:Economy
A combination of transactions on two countries' securities and exchange markets designed to profit from failure of covered interest parity. A typical set of transactions would include selling bonds in one market, using the proceeds to buy spot foreign currency and foreign bonds, and selling forward the return at a future date. See also one-way arbitrage.
Industry:Economy
